Let's hear it for the Welsh
The = sign was invented by 16th Century Welsh mathematician Robert Recorde, who was fed up with writing "is equal to" in his equations. He chose the two lines because "noe 2 thynges can be moare equalle".
Taken from http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/4566526.stm
Taken from http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/4566526.stm